Porter s Five Forces Framework Essay - 1605 Words

In the age of industrialisation and globalisation, there are numerous companies attempting to operate effectively and efficiently. Nonetheless, it seems to be tough for many enterprises, which are struggling to develop, survive, as well as compete against other companies. Therefore, they need wise strategies to efficiently access the balance power in a business situation and determine the level of competitiveness in industries’ environment. Porter’s â€Å"Five Forces† model focuses on business’ external environment where many factors influencing the success of companies, including industry rivalry, competition from new entrants, substitute products, bargaining power of buyers, as well as suppliers. (See Figure 1.). Porter’s Five Forces Framework Source: Adapted from Porter, 2008, p.27. Figure 1. The diagram indicates â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces Framework.† First of all, rivalry among existing competitors is also known as industry rivalry, which contains many kinds of competition, such as pricing strategies, new product launching, advertising campaigns, improvement of current goods and services, and sales promotion. (Dalken, 2014, p.3.). These types competition can be seen as barriers for many new businesses, which want to enter an industry with a high level of existing companies. Moreover, there are some other factors that help companies to determine the level of competitive rivalry, including the number of competing firms, the relative size of companies and marketShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces Framework992 Words   |  4 Pages5 forces analysis Porter s Five Forces Framework is a tool for analyzing competition of a business of an industry in terms of its profitability. The most unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available profits for all firms are driven to normal profit levels. The five-forces perspective is associated with its originator, Michael E. Porter of Harvard University. This framework was first published in Harvard Business Review in 1979. Each industry generates profitsRead MorePorter s Five Forces Framework2657 Words   |  11 Pages Porter’s Five Forces Framework EnQuest PLC, Oil and Gas Industry Cristina Cebotari BA (Hons) Business Studies with Finance â€Æ' Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 1. ABOUT THE MODEL 3 1.1 ADVANTAGES 3 1.2 DISADVANTAGES 4 2. APPLYING PORTER’S FIVE FORCES TO ENQUEST PLC 5 2.1 COMPETITIVE RIVALRY 5 2.2 BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS 7 2.3 BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS 8 2.4 THREAT OF ENTRY 9 2.5 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES 9 CONCLUSION 10 APPENDIX 11 REFERENCES 13 â€Æ' IntroductionRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1523 Words   |  7 Pages The usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the importantRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the important elements for the purpose of achieving a long-termRead MoreThe Usefulness And Limitation Of Porter s Five Forces Framework1498 Words   |  6 Pages I The usefulness and limitation of Porter’s Five Forces Framework Introduction Porter’s five forces is a framework, which was developed by Michael Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979, was widely used in different industries for structural analysis and corporate strategy formulation (Wu, 2012). Porter’s five forces model is considered to be a basic idea to analyze the rules of competition in an industry and stress the important elements for the purposeRead MoreAnalysis Of Porter s Five Forces Of Competition Framework1539 Words   |  7 Pagesattractiveness which can be analyzed by using â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces of Competition Framework† (Grant, 2010; pg 69). The five forces include competition from substitutes, new market entrants, and established firms as well as the power of buyers and suppliers. One of the main topics with this framework is the availability of substitutes which addresses the sensitivity to the price of a product or service and when customers will switch. Porter’s framework does not include the av ailability of complimentaryRead MoreStrategic Marketing Pl Pestle Framework And Swot765 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors are divided into two categories: macro environmental factors and internal environmental factors .Porter’s five forces model, PESTLE, GE Matrix, BCG matrix and SWOT analysis is a list of aid tools that can be used in purpose of analysing the factors and obtain strategic marketing plan. The given paper aims to provide further details about both of PESTLE framework and Porter s Five Forces model which are used to analyse the macro environmental factors, focusing on, the usefulness of each one, theRead MoreFrameworks And Models That Facilitate The It Strategy Planning Process Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesBCIS301 - Frameworks and Models that Facilitate the IT Strategy Planning Process Results Review and Discussion Group (Alexander Vernel, Christopher Robb) CPIT, Christchurch, New Zealand Abstract: The purpose of this research is to identify frameworks and models that help support the process of creating an IT strategy plan. In order to create any plan, the creator must know the current state of the organisation, and what aspects of the organisation need to change. This research was accomplishedRead MorePorters Five Forces1232 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: The Theory of Porter’s Five Forces Porters Five Forces Kimberly S. Lawson 1018525 American Military University 04 October 2012 Abstract Michael Porter’s Five Forces model is a very sophisticated theory for calculating a company s economical standing. Michael Porter established a structure that shapes a structure that monitors an industry and is often used in strategic planning. Porter s detailed five forces model is one of the most frequentlyRead MoreThe Five Forces-General Assumption1099 Words   |  5 PagesThe five forces – general assumption The threat of the entry of new competitors Profitable markets that yield high returns will attract new firms. This results in many new entrants, which eventually will decrease profitability for all firms in the industry. Unless the entry of new firms can be blocked by incumbents, the abnormal profit rate will fall towards zero (perfect competition). * The existence of barriers to entry (patents, rights, etc.) The most attractive segment is one in which entry

The Relationship Between Religion and Social Change Essay

The Relationship Between Religion and Social Change In this essay I will analyze and evaluate the relationship between religion and social change in several ways. I will look at the work of various sociologists and their findings and norm’s etc. One simple argument is that in technologically underdeveloped societies religion arises as a means of explaining the unexplained. Religion, in such societies, is organized into ceremonies that involve strict hierarchical relationships between the various participants. As countries begin to develop over a period of time many people don’t see a need for religion because they have better lives and simply exclude it. One way of understanding the†¦show more content†¦Religions such as Christianity prevents the family from changing too rapidly, for example, because it tends to support traditional family values and discourage alternatives such as promiscuity, homosexuality, and childlessness. This conservatism is seen by Functionalists as positive and desirable as it maintains society and prevents it from fragmenting. Durkheim argues that the function of religious ritual is to maintain social solidarity by affirming the moral superiority of society over its individual members. Durkheim believed that social life could only exist if values were shared and society integrated into a coherent whole. Religion is an important aspect of this process not only providing a set of unifying practices and beliefs, but also by providing a way in which people can interpret and give meaning to the world. Robert Wuthnow who studied Religious Movements and Counter movements in North America (1986) had several interesting findings. He found that rapid changes in science and technology in the post 2nd World War period, allied to the expanding role of education produced a clearly developed ideological framework that challenged the role of religion as an explanatory framework in American society. Also with religious ideas and explanations being challenged by science, organized religion was forced to adapt to this challenge. Changes were expressedShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Religion And Social Change1814 Words   |  8 Pagesstudy of religion has produced a range of interdisciplinary perspectives because of the sheer diversity of religious beliefs and practices, which have evolved with human history. Sociologists have theorised, to what extent religious practices and beliefs have been socially constructed, and, how these religious constructions shape other institutions and discourses throughout society and their impact on modernity. This essay focuses on the relationship between religion and soci al change as proposedRead MoreEssay Webers Approach to Religion and Sociology1706 Words   |  7 PagesApproach to Religion and Sociology Webers general approach to sociology is known as verstehen sociology; that human action is directed by meaning and that action can only be understood by appreciating the world-view of the social actor concerned. Since religion is an important component of the social actors world-view, religious beliefs can direct social action, Read MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1332 Words   |  6 Pagesfascinated by religion science as they talked about different religion in depth that exist on earth and various perspectives of well known people on the study of religion. I chose Karl Marx and Max Weber for my paper assignment. Two sociologists and philosophers have discussed their views on religion and its impact on society. Most of the Sociologist of that time wrote about the role of religion in society, Karl Marx and Max Weber observations are particularly relevant for our course. Religion is one ofRead More Marx’s Views on Religion vs. My Own Essay514 Words   |  3 PagesMarx’s Views on Religion vs. My Own Karl Marx wrote that religion was, â€Å"an opiate of the people.† Although those words were not published in The German Ideology, they best describe his various views on religion. Marx wrote that there was a social relationship between the upper class or bourgeoisie and religion. The upper class that owned the means of production used religion as a tool to keep the working class or proletariat, oppressed and poor. Marx criticized that religion had so many ulteriorRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Alienation Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesstratified social classes. The working class is alienated because they are deprived of the right to think or direct their own actions without the oppression of the economic entity controlled by the Bourgeoisie. Emile Durkheim’s theory of anomie was developed during a great capitalist growth, the industrialization revolution. The mass population could not keep up with the constant change leading to the breakdown of social bonds between individuals and communities. This break of social bonds createsRead MoreComparing Religion And Science From A Sociological Viewpoint1478 Words   |  6 Pagescontrast religion with science from a sociological viewpoint. Is science just another form of religion, with people like physicist Stephen Hawking among its high priests or mullah? Are science and religions simply both similar social constructions? In your response to this question, specifically consider both how irrational social factors influence everything, and the relationship between faith and proof. First of all, There are a number of debates about the similarities and differences between religionRead MoreEssay on The Role of Religion in Society1005 Words   |  5 PagesRole of Religion in Society The role of religion in society is definately a dynamic one. The relationship between both religion and society is always changing. Religion effects different societies in different ways and different forms, causing the forms of society to change according to a change in religion. Religion can be a driving force in society, but as a reactionary rather than in a radical way. Functionalism Functionalists believe that religion maintainsRead MoreThe Theory Of Religion And Spirituality1481 Words   |  6 PagesA Gallup poll indicated that religion is a â€Å"very important† part of the lives of approximately 67% of the American public, of whom 96% believe in God and 42% attend religious services regularly (Powell, Shahabi, Thoresen, 2003). People join religious institutions and follow spiritual paths for a variety of reasons, such as faith, prayer, social support, cultural traditions, commitment to the community, and more. The role of religion in people’s lives is dramatic and research on the topic has mirroredRead MoreFamily and Religion : Influence on People Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesFamily and Religion: Influence on People If you asked people to describe their families, some would describe single-household families, some would describe stepfamilies, some would describe gay or lesbian or adoptive families and many would describe divorced families. The word family has become a diverse institution it is very difficult to give it a meaning. In a wide sense especially in the biological sciences the term family refers to a group of individual beings linked by blood relations,Read MoreThe Problem, Solution, And Technique1112 Words   |  5 Pagestechnique in Buddhism with those of another eastern religion of your choice. For Buddhism, the problem is suffering, the solution is nirvana, and the technique for achieving nirvana is the Noble Eightfold Path. For Hinduism, the problem is samsara, the solution is moksha, liberation from samsara. The various yoga’s are the techniques. 2. Is the presence of an ethical dimension a basic requirement for a system of thought to be considered a religion? Why or why not? Ethical dimension are the key elements

The Grinch Free Essays

What’s the first thing that comes to mind when you think of the term villain? Often when we think of a villain we think of people who revel in destruction and have dark masks obscuring their faces. However, we are quick to forget the unseen killers. The ones that go unpunished, people who are incurable taking the world by storm. We will write a custom essay sample on The Grinch or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why, out of the unlimited number of villains we have to choose from, as our incessant need to create heroes whom we can place hope in continues, the Caring is by far the best villain. In the movie, â€Å"The Caring†, he proves to know his power isn’t his ability to destroy things but the happiness of the people who own them. He knows more than death and demolition his ability to be the Caring, to spread his disease of depression and take away the very enthusiasm that pushes Hovel forward as a society, gives him complete control and makes him truly nefarious. His usual tactics begin to become insufficient in filling the void he knows , deep down, only acceptance will mend. In a furious attempt to push this concept away he decides to steal Christmas. Trapped in a world of despondency and numbness, Caring envies the Who’s and their ability to love and feel because he fears love is something he will never be acquainted with. He wants everyone else around him to see life In the same way he does and decides the best way to do this Is to target one of the last vestiges of hope and childhood the Who’s have left. The Caring is a clear embodiment of the many qualities and characteristics specific to a villain we discussed in class such as inferiority complex, visual otherness and determination of the will . One only need to heed light to the aspects of the Caring that make him a crook to reveal a very effective and Intriguing one at that. Due to self-image issues and childhood trauma,the Caring has a severe inferiority complex. The Caring is portrayed in a very comic manner but in truth this humor is used to obscure the pain and subsidiaries he’s attempted to suppress all his life. He has all this hate and disappointment aimed towards himself but he is Incapable of understanding that the only way to beat ourselves Is to stop fighting, to let go. The Caring tries to counterbalance what he feels towards himself by becoming great and rueful to prove to himself that he’s worth something. This is why man v. S self is the hardest battle to wage. The Caring is an equal opponent of himself so he will never win; with every bit of power he gains he will find another thing about himself to antagonize over. His blindness continually pushes him to try and substantiate his reign over Whole. At one point in the movie we see him go into Weevil and absolutely terrorize the people but his high fades as he returns home. As he changes clothes the first thing he does Is pick on how his body looks and decides he can’t go o Weevil with Cindy because his schedule is booked with wallowing in self-pity, staring into the abyss, wrestling with his self-loathing, and dinner with himself. This is interesting because his desire to eat alone shows he doesn’t think he deserves the presence and company of others in his life. Another noticeable example we see in simply trying to overcompensate for his lack of self-esteem. However, The Caring, along with audience sees that even stealing Christmas doesn’t make him powerful enough to banish his own demons. Another trait the Caring exhibits is visual otherness. In this case the Gringo’s inferiority complex and visual otherness are strongly linked and codependent to an extent. The Caring despises the way he looks and always compares himself to others which creates an atmosphere perfect for self-hatred and a feeling of inferiority. The Gringo’s visual otherness is a very prominent component of not only how he views himself but of how the others depict him. He is bright green and furry from head to toe with chipped rotting teeth, deep wrinkle lines etched into his skin, and an unkempt green mass of hair on his head somewhat resembling a Mohawk. This is definitely a major contrast to rosy cheeked blond haired Cindy Lo Who. In this movie, his outer appearance is meant to reflect the self-torment going on inside. From a young age he struggles with choosing his humanity over the beast inside and we can see this paralleled in his appearance. As he turns further away from his humanity he looks less and less like a human and more like the tortured soul the rejection and hardness of the world has molded him into. As in many stories we can distinguish the characters between the ways they look or the colors they wear. The Green of the Gringo’s skin and the dirty brown of the rags he wears represent evil, while the Jovial bright reds and pinks associated with Cindy Lo Who represent pure goodness and a rare untainted innocence. We often say love makes man do the most irrational things, but one could argue its heartbreak. It was the lethal combination of heartbreak and determination of the will that compelled the Caring to destroy the society that told him (even when he shed all the things that made him unique)he wasn’t good enough and that he would never be good enough. That’s why he’s such a significant villain. The pain of the heartbreak the Who’s caused him, along with his infallible drive to accomplish whatever he sets his mind to, makes him almost inexorable. However this determination is a quality often shared between the villain and the hero. This is because determination of the will is an impartial trait with equal opportunity to be claimed either for darkness or light. It depends on who possesses it. The Caring, being an anti-villain, has darkness in him but he also has light. While this quality is identified in his obstinacy of wanting to story Christmas and the spirit of the Who’s, we can also distinguish it in his unrelenting resolve to make Martha a Christmas gift worthy of her love, or in his ability to pull a sled weighing more than a ton off the side of a cliff on account of pure willpower and his desire to save the little girl sitting in it. When it comes to his goals and ambitions, the Caring demonstrates tunnel vision, seeing nothing but the final outcome he desires to reach. When we see things with blinders on as the Caring does, we can become dangerous as we lose our ability to see consequences and the indirect impact of our actions. However, this allows us to pull strength from within ourselves we never knew we had to complete our undertakings. This immense Gringo’s actions. It is apparent that the crunch is a very interesting and dynamic character with many aspects that make him villainous and offer explanation for the commonly known phrase â€Å"his heart was two sizes too small. † Inferiority complex, visual otherness and determination of the will, provide undeniable proof the Caring is a villain but it has yet to be understood why the Caring is the best villain. The reason the Caring is such a fantastic villain is because Hess so relatable; we can all see a little of ourselves him. While we usually don’t go climb a mountain over it, we all have days where we are plagued with doubts about where we fit into our society, never mind the world, and dysphasia spreads like a disease through our minds. We all have days where we are angry at the world and feel that’s causing destruction and pain is the only way to satisfy our rage. We also all carry that determination to fight for what we want even when we know its wrong. Dry. Issues manages to create a character in which we can recognize villainous qualities and tendencies, but still have hope for him because we recognize those same aspects in ourselves, and we have to believe there’s hope for people like the Caring because we have to believe there is hope for people like ourselves. Ultimately, the Caring is a portrait of the war between the good and bad in all of us and teaches us we can be fixed and we’re not all doomed to be broken records repeating our same mistakes again and again never being able to let go. How to cite The Grinch, Papers

celilo falls Essay Example For Students

celilo falls Essay Celilo FallsCelilo Falls named after the Si-le-lah tribe, was located about one hundred and two miles from Portland Oregon. Today Celilo falls no longer exists because the Dalles Dam was built March 10 1957; it was covered up by what is now Lake Celilo. Celilo Falls was a very important place for Native Americans nearby. Many tribes used the falls for fishing. Fishing platforms were built next to the water and men would spend much of their days catching salmon. Since the early 1800s, Native Americans fished the spring and fall salmon runs, the waters edge, and the shore of the Columbia River. Later, small cable cars built by fish buyers linked the shore to the islands. They used two types of dip nets: one was stationary, the other movable through the water. The dip nets attached to poles ranged from 15 to 25 feet in length. There were about 480 fishing stations around Celilo Falls. Fishers built wooden platforms out over the water catching salmon that weighed up to sixty pounds. The wood platforms were very wet and slippery so the men had to be really strong. The men tied themselves with ropes that they tied around their waists in the event that they fell in the river. During the Great Depression, whites began fishing at Celilo Falls. Indians protected their treaty-reserved stations and the white people had to leave. Soon Congress approved funding for The Dalles Dam, the dam would flood Celilo Falls and part of Celilo Village. The Celilo Fish Committee, The local fisherman protested the dam in formal resolutions and in testimony before Congress. But the dam was built anyway and they lost their place to fish. When the United States government drowned Celilo Falls, it compensated the tribes for flooding their fishing sites. But it didnt, purchase their fishing rights. Those rights, as set forth in the 1855 treaties, were not affected when the government paid for tribal fishing sites, but the tribes economy was destroyed. The Native Americans that lived in the area that was covered by Lake Celilo were relocated to reservations. When Celilo Falls was covered up, much more was lost than a historic spot. Many of the fishermen didnt know how to make a living. Tribal leaders had to accept a four million dollar settlement from the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. This is a picture of Celilo falls in 1899. Today the only way you can see Celilo falls is to look at pictures. A long time ago Celilo Falls and its fishing industry was one of the most popular tourist sites in America now it doesnt even exist. Here are a couple of websites I used for pictures and informationhttp://w3.gorge.net/davee/Celiloa.htmhttp://www.ccrh.org/comm/river/celilo2.htmhttp://www.ohs.org/collections/manuscripts/manuscript%20files/mss2678.htm

Botanical Garden free essay sample

I have been in the most famous Botanical Garden with my friends or my family before. Indeed, the Penang Botanic Garden gave us a relaxation place for doing physical exercises. The garden is clean, safe and comfortable for jogging. Mostly I go there every morning for walking up and down just like the locals do, is the best relaxation at 8am. I miss that fresh morning air, too. Actually the gate is open until after 8pm and there are also some fruits and drinks stalls, selling different variety of fresh tropical fruits in front of the main entrance.The local folks who after doing exercises will always go there and buy some drinks or fruits to release their thirst. What an enjoyable day! When I was there at the first time, I was so impressed the fascinating scenery, I saw lots of monkey, type of trees I had ever saw and I think it is a very suitable destination for everybody to rest their mind and have a peace time. We will write a custom essay sample on Botanical Garden or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Walking through the main entrance, I could enjoy this amazing place especially early in the morning. Fresh air, colourful flower and butterfly, peaceful, calm and refreshing. My family and me frequented this lovely garden regularly. We had many lovely outings and picnics there. Sometimes, we bathed in the waterfalls to cool off our sweating bodies. What I recalled most was the group of monkeys gathering along the roadside waiting for morsel of food from visitors. They are very cute and active. Many visitors were willing close to them and played with them, feed them, captured some nice photos. So did I. That day I was too excited and try to be more closer with the monkeys. What I felt amazed is that monkey suddenly came to attack me.Luckily I was saved by someone. In addition, the Cannonball Tree whose blooming beautiful flowers is fascinating. It had attracted many visitors attention to look at it longer and also captured photos. A friend and I walked around the Garden trails and then decided to climb up the nearly road to the top of Penang Hill. It took us 3 hours to reach the top. On top of the hill we could see a nice view throughout the whole Penang Island and have a sightseeing at there, too. The view was awesome and it had saved in our mind already.We had an unforgettable memory. Other than that, the garden staff sometimes ride bikes or other vehicles quite recklessly, and kids were not allowed to ride bikes here. I saw some did. I wondered is there any setting rules on the sign board ? Throughout the tour, the advantages of the Penang Botanic Gardens are such as follows. Firstly, the Penang Botanic Gardens had gave us raising of public awareness in the appreciation of nature and gardening. The Gardens main objective include conservation environment and education.Thus, these could affect our thinking and increase our knowledge regarding to its nature environment. Moreover, the Penang Botanic Gardens Department provide us with programmes that focus on the historical and cultural heritage of the gardens, the plant collections, natural landscape and rich diversity of flora and fauna. It also provide professional advice related to botany, taxonomy, horticulture and landscaping. Its lush greenery and tranquil setting makes it a favourite park and a popular tourist destination.It is Penangs unique natural heritage, being the only garden of its kind in Malaysia. As such, the garden is a popular recreational spot; some of the recreational activities include jogging, walking, jungle trekking and aerobics. Amongst the flora in the gardens, we could have an opportunity to see those rare and unique plants which came from different countries. Most obvious are the Cannon Ball Tree and the large buttress roots of the Sengkuang Tree. There is also the Pinang Palm that lent its name to the island of Penang, and the Black Lily with its unique purplish-black coloured flowers.The Candle Tree, the endemic Slipper Orchid and the ginger, can also be found in the gardens. A botanic garden is a garden, consisting of a variety of plants from different parts of the world. Each plant has its own unique name. Having a wide variety of plants in one place is appealing, but this type of garden can be costly and upkeep of the garden can become a full-time job, time-consuming is a lot. The disadvantages of planting those flora are the botanic gardens need lots of energy for the electrical equipment compare to normal house gardens.Special equipment is used to neutralize the soil for the different species and give the plants their required nutrients. The major disadvantages to a botanic gardens is the cost. It’s flora has to be watered through an irrigation system, to ensure the plants are at optimal health. The set-up cost for these gardens is also expensive. Most of the time, a floral decorator is called in to design the garden. Botanic gardens usually have groups of different plants from the same species in one area. Having different exotic flowers and plants are also costly.The garden requires daily upkeep. After that, the plants within the botanic garden share the same soil and are housed in close proximity of each other. This leads to increased chances of the plants spreading disease. Plants do get diseases and all the plants at the botanic garden will be sharing the same nutrient supply and the same soil. The spread of disease is magnified by this. Also, because the plants are usually from different areas of the world, a disease that one plant might have adapted to, can potentially destroy the other plants. It may affect the garden health. Keeping a botanic garden requires intermediate to advanced knowledge of horticulture and plants. This garden brings together a wide variety of species, but these species cannot adapt to the neutral environment of the botanic garden without support. Knowing what type of soil to use for each plant, knowing which plants and flowers to plant together and how to keep the plants healthy requires a high degree of knowledge and expertise.

Ethical dilemma of a patient’s refusal of blood transfusion The WritePass Journal

Ethical dilemma of a patient’s refusal of blood transfusion Introduction Ethical dilemma of a patient’s refusal of blood transfusion IntroductionUtilitarian approachDeontological approachMorality versus religionMy personal viewConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction In the analysis of this ethical dilemma we assess a case of a 20-year-old, pregnant, black Hispanic female presented to the Emergency Department (ED) in critical condition following a car accident. She displayed signs and symptoms of internal bleeding and was advised to have a blood transfusion and emergency surgery in an attempt to save her and the foetus. She refused to accept blood or blood products and rejected the surgery as well. Her refusal was based on a fear of blood transfusion due to her religious beliefs. The ethical dilemma presented is whether to respect the patients autonomy and compromise standards of care or ignore the patients wishes in an attempt to save her life. Her religious values are at stake. The issues concerning her values are the right or wrong of her actions and the acceptance, reputation or embarrassment of her decision in the social world. This case demonstrates dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals caring for patients in critical, life-threatening situations who have divergent views and values contrary to what is offered as a solution to their predicament. In the analysis of the ethical dilemma surrounding this particular case, we make explorations basing on two principle approaches; utilitarianism and deontology. This is in an endeavour to find the right moral balance and/or stand between the patient’s view and value and that of the healthcare professional seeking to intervene to restore her to health. Utilitarian approach Utilitarianism believes that the moral standing of an action, whether right or wrong, is dependent entirely on its consequences. This theory holds that the course of action that is considered proper is one that maximizes utility, maximizing happiness and reducing pain/suffering. In this approach, the worth of an action is only determined by outcome or result, consequent to that action. It therefore is a form of consequentialism (Paul and Elder, 2006). For our purpose and appropriate in this context, Mill (1998) argues that the morality of the action depends entirely upon the intention that is, upon what the agent wills to do. Intention, in it being a foresight of consequences, constitutes the moral position of the act, whether right or wrong. I acknowledge that what is morally right and best for her in the values that she has expressed, is her religious stand and affiliation in which the medical interventions proposed are denounced. At the same time, however, and under the circumstances, her health risks might lead to miscarriage and there is likelihood that they might also eventually lead her into depression. In the utilitarian view, the young lady in this situation risks losing her own life and that of the foetus she carries if she does not allow the blood transfusion and surgical procedure to bring her to health. The doctors and nurses therefore have to consider her life first. Her circumstance is considered as legally enforceable and specific according to the Benthams tradition right (1816), assigning to law the role to define inviolable rights to protect the well-being of the individual (Hart, 1973). The utilitarian approach is a straight forward way to determine the best possibilities for all involved, balancing pleasure over pain for everyone (Paul and Elder, 2006). According to this principle, it is better to maximize equality between the lady and her foetus, and in view of her severe pain, to go ahead and perform the blood transfusion and emergency surgery. With this approach, I assume that later in a better state of health and recovery and after saving her life, she will console and will reconcile her moral stand with her predicament. The physicians therefore have the moral right to override the young ladys refusal of the blood transfusion. Also useful in the argument and supporting the judgment for blood transfusion that the doctor may (or must) seek to override the patients refusal are two ethical principles. These are the principle of non-maleficence and the related principle of beneficence. The principle of non-maleficence requires the doctor to avoid harm where possible (Paul and Elder, 2006). So, withholding a proven, beneficial treatment would likely have the effect of producing harm. On the other hand, the principle of beneficence, which is inherent in the maximization of benefits and minimization of harm (Paul and Elder, 2006), could also be useful in support of the argument for the duty to administer the blood transfusion against the patients expressed will. However, this assumption and what society regards as of best interest to the patient should not be determinative of what is ideally her individual best interest. Overriding her wishes and not taking her religious views into account in going ahead with the blood transfusion and intervention might lead to a far worse situation for her. Among the possible eventualities after her treatment is depression, which might result from feeling that she has gone against the rules and expectations of her religion which are very important to her. Her situation might also be worse if she gets eliminated from her church for going against the rules of her religion. She might lose acceptance from her family members and friends. These eventualities might lead to the deterioration of her health, which by taking the contrasted utilitarian approach and our assumptions, we intend to protect. This eventuality will therefore thwart our best intentions. Deontological approach A more appropriate approach, more suitable to determine what is best for her, is Deontology and especially the philosophical tradition of Immanuel Kant. Unlike utilitarianism which is focused on the outcomes, consequences and eventualities of actions, Deontological ethics often referred to as duty-based ethics, are concerned with what people do, their actions. It is the belief that people have a duty to do the right thing, even it produces more harm (or less good) or a bad result than do the wrong thing (Wood, 1999). Kant gives a categorical imperative to act morally at all times. One was that it was wrong to act in a way that treats others as mere means, rather than end in themselves. According to Kant, persons are made special by a distinctive set of principally psychological capacities which includes self-consciousness and rationality, a distinct capacity for personhood (Wood, 1999). This view is founded on two basic principles; first, a person has the distinctive ability to think and to act rationally, best expressed when they behave morally or as a moral community. Secondly, people have dignity and are valuable in a distinctive way, a unique, intrinsic value that has no exchange value. This is in contrast to things which have an exchange value such as a coat whose value is equivalent to the money paid for it (Wood, 1999). According to Deontology, it will be wrong to undermine her autonomy and flout her dignity treat her as a mere means. It is better, therefore, to respect her religious belief and respect her decision not wanting to have the blood transfusion. Respect for the patients principles and her status as a competent adult mandates that doctors should comply with her expressed wishes even if the predicted outcomes are unfavourable or may result in death. It is her choice as a self-conscious, rational adult with intrinsic capacity to evaluate and know what is morally right and acceptable for herself. Morality versus religion For many religious people, and especially those in monotheistic religions, morality and religion are the same they are inseparable. For them, it is either that religion is their morality or that morality is part of their religion (Childress, et al., 1986). Religions have frameworks of values through which adherents are guided in determining right and wrong. The monotheistic religions derive ideas of right and wrong by the rules and laws set in their respective holy books and by their religious leaders (Childress, et al., 1986). For adherents like our patient, the rules set out and as interpreted by religious leaders are absolute and there are dire consequences for flouting such rules. For most monotheistic religions, flouting rules and values is considered sin, a failure that leads to punishment in the after-life. The patient in this instance expresses a fear of blood transfusion due to her religious beliefs, possibly a fear of dire consequence such as future punishment. This absolutism and the derivation of values from deity and holy books can hardly be challenged by rational criticism and explanations that seek to give some worth to disallowed practices and procedures such as blood transfusion in this particular case. My personal view There can be different opinions and points of view about what should be done with the patient in the analysis of this ethical dilemma. There can be different possibilities and we may never reach clear and generally agreeable conclusions with regard to what is morally right in this case, with our conclusions and inferences dependent on our varied ideas and beliefs over morality based on varied religious, societal and cultural backgrounds, among other influences. With the well-being of the individual protected as an inviolable right in the utilitarian approach, and since under the circumstance, the patient risks losing her life, risks miscarriage and possible depression as consequences of her refusal of intervention, the doctors and nurses have to consider her life first as legally enforceable and specific. The related principles of non-maleficence and beneficence provide useful support for the argument requiring that the doctor, with the knowledge of the necessity of the intervention, avoids harm by not withholding such beneficial treatment. This makes the assumption that it is for the patients individual good that she receives treatment even if her expressed will has to be overridden. Although the patients autonomy should be respected as it is her life and at her age she is a competent adult, in this case, she will have to deal with the consequences of the blood transfusion in the future, when in a position of health and when her death has been avoided. This decision is justified based on my opinion to maximize the patient’s high quality of well-being on J. S Mill’s Principles of Utility (1806-1873).   Mill (1998) states that the principle of utility does not mean that any given pleasure or exemption from pain (such as health) is to be looked upon as a means to happiness, and so to be desired. They are desired and desirable in and for themselves; besides being a means, they are a part of the end, a part of the happiness. An acknowledgement of the importance of her religion to her is, however, essential and is considered to be an important part of the argument put forth. Her religious stand and affiliation makes her wary of blood transfusion and represents the morally right position for her. I consider that under the principle of utility applied to this context, blood transfusion, if performed against her expressed will, would cause the patient unhappiness and pain in the future. However, considerations of future stigma and loss of acceptance, or depression resulting from her reaction to these consequences are only possible if she manages to survive her current predicament. It is therefore a priority and a greater good, that she receives such an intervention and manages to survive and that her unborn child also survives. I feel that she has a right to be accepted by the church and her family despite the decisions she makes, with the realization in all rationality that the blood transfusion, though considered a ‘mistake’ or ‘sin’, serves to get her to health and possibly to save her life after the accident. It is not an intended procedure that she willingly sought, but is necessitated by her medical predicament after the accident. She wouldn’t have to have the procedure in a state of adequate health and well-being. I would in this case, therefore, appeal for such rational consideration among the people in her social circle, with the acknowledgement of her predicament and respect for her autonomy and individual capacity and competence. I also consider the people she is associated with and her unborn child and the possible impact her unhappiness would bring them in future. I am aware that this conduct of blood transfusion could upset her family and church and cause some conflict within their relationship, but the main subject to consider is the patient. Respect for her autonomy and competence in the decision would make her feel worthy, valued, respected and dignified.   Depression could result from either of the choices, if the blood transfusion is conducted or not. This could in turn cause harm to her unborn baby, to herself, and to those she associates with in her social world, who have to live with the consequences of such ill health. This means that whether or not the blood transfusion is conducted, there will possibly be consequences and we have then to weigh the relative impact of either option over the other to acquire a morally right position. However, our assumptions of the best interest for the patient and her good cannot be determinative of her ideal best interests. The consequences from proceeding with the blood transfusion against her expressed will, which we consider less harmful than the consequences of withholding of treatment, might well turn out to be worse for her. Depression and deterioration of health exacerbated by her loss of acceptance in her church and social circle could be terrible for her, worse in her case than the consequences of death or ill health consequent from withholding treatment which we consider to have more harm. Will we, by overriding her will, therefore be undermining her autonomy and treating her as a mere means? Acknowledging that she is a self-conscious and rational individual having distinct capacity and competence, we would and it would clearly be wrong to undermine her autonomy and flout her dignity. She can rationally evaluate the predicted outcomes, however unfavourable, and make appropriate decisions on what is acceptable for herself and morally right. The doctors therefore should comply with her expressed wishes, however unfavourable the outcome. From these arguments put forward in this case, I deduce that there would be more negatives than positives if the blood transfusion is conducted, even with her death and the loss of her unborn child as possible eventualities of withholding treatment. Conclusion The overall and ultimate questions are who is or what is it that determines what is right and what is wrong? Do we do what is morally right according to the patient and respect their autonomy or do we go against her wishes and act based on what we as a society feel is morally right according to us? Given that our conclusions are dependent upon individual ideas and beliefs about what is moral and what is immoral basing on our religious, societal, cultural backgrounds, etc., what should we do in line with our work ethics, beliefs, codes of conduct, etc.? In assessing the case of the 20-year-old patient and the ethical dilemma resulting from her refusal of blood transfusion citing contravention to her religious beliefs, I have made explorations of this particular case using two major approaches; the utilitarian and deontological principles, together with the ethical principles of non-maleficence and beneficence to support the various arguments. The utilitarian approach seeks to protect the well-being of the patient as a legally enforceable right as under these circumstances, justifying the override of her wishes to conduct the blood transfusion. This approach is supported by ethical principles of non-maleficence and beneficence, that the doctor avoids harming the patient by not withholding necessary intervention and beneficial treatment. On the other hand, Kantianism/the deontological approach seeks to protect the autonomy and psychological independence of the patient in the evaluation of her predicament and the making of choices appropriate and acceptable to her in her moral standing. This latter approach is more appealing, considering that we cannot assume to be able to accurately quantify the greater of harms consequent from any of the choices of the ethical dilemma. There is a tendency for us to determine that death as an eventuality is a significant harm, and therefore to consider it a greater good to try and prevent such an eventuality whatever the arguments against it. This is especially so with an assumption that she can reconcile her predicament later after she manages to survive and is in better health. For the young patient, however, our assumptions of her best interest cannot be determinate of her ideal good and the consequences may turn out to be a greater harm to her, worse than the withholding of treatment. Her unhappiness from the override of her expressed will in conducting the blood transfusion and possible depression may lead to a deterioration of her health, with suffering and death as possible eventualities as well. With this consideration, I deem it morally right that the doctors respect her expressed will not to conduct the blood transfusion however unfavourable the consequences. References Childress, (ed.), James, F., Macquarrie, (ed.) John, 1986. The Westminster Dictionary of Christian Ethics. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. p. 400. Hart, H., 1973. Bentham on Legal Rights. In: Oxford Essays in Jurisprudence. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Paul, R., and L., Elder, 2006. The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical Reasoning. United States: Foundation for Critical Thinking Free Press. Mill, J., 1998. Crisp, R., ed. Utilitarianism. Oxford University Press. pp. 65. Wood, A., 1999. Kants Ethical Thought. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mathematical modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mathematical modelling - Essay Example In mathematics, modelling offers a means of solving real world problems using mathematics (Berry & Houston, 1995). This is done using the representation of the association between at least two variables that are significant to a given problem. Consequently, mathematical modelling enables people to create or visualize patterns or representations of something to be constructed. This process involves formulating models using real world data obtained from observation, investigation, and evaluation. Mathematical models are then analysed to establish mathematical conclusions that are interpreted to predict or explain the real world data. The predictions are then tested to establish their applicability, validity, use, and limitations. Mathematical models are used to identify what is real world and conceptual world (Berry & Houston, 1995). In the real world, phenomena and behaviours of natural or artificial systems are observed and using the conceptual world, efforts are made to understand the real world through formulation of a mathematical model, solving resulting equations, and interpreting the results. With the resulting mathematical models, humans can then offer students the knowledge and skills of creating models and determining the extent to which they imitate the real world. In this report, mathematical models have been used to determine the maximum and minimum heights of two roller coasters. Height is a crucial attribute in the design of actual roller coasters and when determined, it is then related to roller coaster site and the conditions needed to have smooth rides. In this report, the application of mathematical models has involved listing all known variables as a way of identifying the unknown. This is followed by defining assumptions, and applying the physical principle to be applied to the model. Since to find the maximum height and minimum height the first derivative is zero,

An examination of employee perception of womens adoption of Essay - 1

An examination of employee perception of womens adoption of stereotypically male leadership styles in traditionally male dominated organisational positions in the 21st century - Essay Example Other studies have been done, but the root cause of the problem in Arabian countries is yet to be identified. This research proposal thus will examine a myriad of factors that hinder the progress of women towards CEO positions in traditionally male dominated organizational positions even in the 21st Century. Womens unequal status has been contributed by various factors such as their absence from managerial and leadership positions. A lack of cultural consensus probably plays the most basic role in determining the lengths at which women can stretch their ambition and this vacuum is itself part of the problem and as it is, as a social concern to development in the 21st century. Corporate management and organizational leadership has been a domain of men. Statics in various organizations have shown that the number of men in leadership and management is far much above that of women (Stephan 145). However, the difference in number of women and men in leadership varies from country to country depending on a countries culture, religion, and population demographics among other factors (Kottke, Janet and Mark 191). A conglomeration of committees, consultancies, commissions, conferences etc have been assembled over the last few decades in an attempt to address womens underrepresentation in positions of power. However, it is still remains a dispiriting distance in the quest for providing solutions to this problem (Gary and Laura, 25). Case in point, Arabian countries have fewer women in corporate management and organizational leadership. This has been caused by a variety of factors that will be investigated by this research. Previous studies have been done, but the root cause of the problem in Arabian countries is yet to be identified. This research will employ different methodologies such as questionnaires and interviews in order to come up with the relevant data to answer the research questions. From a theoretical perspective, this research paper criticizes

History of Junior High Schools in America Essay

History of Junior High Schools in America - Essay Example In terms of purpose, students of ten to fifteen years are referred with the term of middle years in pedagogical manner. Meanwhile organizational structure leveling of classes six to ten in a separate school is often referred with the middle schooling. In this regard, different aspects of junior high schooling will be focused in this paper. Usually, middle or junior high schools are separated from rest of the classes of school, which does not include separation from the school campus. In middle schooling, relationship of teachers and students is enhanced, and different teaching teams are established for the better performance in the high schools. Curriculum plays an important role in the middle schooling, as integrated and negotiated form of the curriculum is devised during the middle schooling. Moreover, different learning tasks are assessed with the utilization of authentic measures. While the application of middle schooling philosophy is possible for the teachers in the context of secondary schooling, it is very difficult to sustain or widespread such examples. Consequently, broader reforms for the implementation of more sustainable philosophy of schooling are linked with the term of middle school. ... History One hundred years ago, the United States witnessed a wave of interests around reforms, which originated the concept of Junior High Schools in the country. Initially, fundamental, pedagogical, organizational, and curriculum outcomes were promised by the progressive reformers who promoted the abovementioned concept of schooling in the country, in order to resolve serious national problems at that time. A coalition of diverse reformers produced an indefinite mission that was related to a number of agendas and interests of these reformers, which turned out to be innovation of junior high schools. In other words, the junior high schools provided an image of implementation of hopes of the reformers and educators that had different and diverse interests and requirements. (Beane, 2005) It is quite impossible for the paper to highlight the appearance of junior high schools in the United States with the in-depth exploration of complexities that were confronted at that time. However, recent developments of current middle schooling in the United States will be focused to understand the status of junior high schools in the country. Two versions are observed in the history of junior high schools in the United States. Firstly, developmental needs of adolescences and provision of teacher training were the specific objectives of junior high schooling in the country. Secondly, an integrated process of learning was provided to the students; while demographic and economic influences kept the students sensitive to the middle schooling reforms. (Comber, 2006) In brief, middle schooling or junior high schooling was criticized by the second version of the history, and therefore, the

What Is Career Planning And Development Commerce Essay

What Is Career Planning And Development Commerce Essay Individuals can no longer expect job security and a career path that takes them through a steady progression of jobs of increasing status and responsibility. The employee has the lead responsibility for his or her career development. Supervisors, managers, and the organization can provide meaningful assistance in this process. There are numerous ways for an employer to contribute to an individual employees career development and at the same time meet the organizational needs. The outcomes desired by organizations include achieving the best match between people and jobs. Individuals desired outcomes range from status to job flexibility to monetary rewards, depending upon the situation.( Cheryl, H 2005) According to Tricia Jackson, 2004, Career Development is a process of assessing, aligning and balancing organizational and individual needs, capabilities and opportunities and challenges through multiple approaches and methods. It emphasizes the person as an individual who performs configures and adapts various work roles. Career development is not a mere management responsibility. It is a composite organizational process which involves people, addresses their ambitions, assigns them roles responsibilities commensurate with their potential, evaluates their performance, and creates Job positions to accommodate growth ambitions of employees. Career planning is the process of establishing short or long term career goals and objectives and defining the specific steps required to achieve them. These steps may include the type of jobs, training, development and other activities (Jackson, T 2004). Importance of career planning and development There is increasing rate of change of our organizations and in the knowledge and skills we need to perform our jobs. Both external and internal factors influence the need for career development. Among these factors, Slavenski and Buckner (1988) list the following: o The need to identify and forecast personnel needs o Social and demographic trends o The changing nature of work o Changing types of jobs o Equity and a multicultural work force o Worker productivity o Technological change and decreasing advancement opportunities o Organizational philosophies Employers are motivated to establish career development programs because such programs are seen as an effective response to various personnel problems, because top managers prefer to promote existing employees and to ensure a good fit between the work and the worker, and because employees have expressed interest in career development as a benefit (Gutteridge 1986). Above all, most organizations adopt career development programs in response to pragmatic human resource concerns and because they believe it will help ensure a continued supply of qualified, talented personnel (Gutteridge 1986, p. 58). It is a known fact that most professionals leave an organisation due to lack of career growth. Active career development initiatives by a company is a key retention tool to keep the best talent within its fold. (Sudipta Dev) Advantages of career planning and development Every organisation needs to retain people with the right skills and talent. This can be enabled by investing in their future growth and showing them the path to fulfil their dreams. In this process the effort put by employees gives a fillip to their performance and transforms into greater organisational productivity. The whole process should be well organised to receive full support from employees who will clearly see the advantages. It is mutually beneficial to the employee as well as the employer. No organisation can develop without taking its employees on the growth path and an individuals development is meaningless if it does not align with the organisational goals and strategies. When an individuals aspirations is directed elsewhere from that of his organisations it can lead to absolute chaos. Sudipta Dev) For the employees Career development programmes enable a deeper focus on an employees aims and aspirations-from identification of the handicaps being faced by an employee in accomplishing his goals to the solutions in terms of re-skilling or reassignment. This focus acts as the significant motivator for an employee to excel and exceed the targets From the employees point of view career development initiatives gives them a clear focus about their career track, the blind spots that they have to overcome and the final goal to be reached. This focussed approach works to their advantage from their everyday work to long-term aspirations. (Sudipta Dev) For the organization These career development efforts bring into focus high potential candidates who can be groomed for greater responsibilities in the future. (Sudipta Dev) n organisation focussed on developing the career path of its employees boosts the morale and ultimately the productivity of its staff. (Sudipta Dev) Purpose In undertaking its wide-sweeping Compensation Reform initiative, the Commonwealth of Virginia overhauled its classification and compensation system in favor of a modernized, flexible compensation and performance management system that offers employees the opportunity to more easily take advantage of career opportunities. The current initiative of Compensation Reform is Career Development. This Career Development Guide provides state employees and their management with a reference document that: Offers a general road map for continuing career and professional development. Provides an understanding of the behavioral and technical competencies that are required to effectively perform tasks in their occupations, and to use for career planning. Presents a reference document on learning and other developmental opportunities which may be used in preparation of Employee Development Plans a component of the Employee Work Profile The purpose of career development is to: Enhance each employees current performance Enable individuals to take advantage of future job opportunities Fulfill their employers goals for a dynamic and effective workforce. We live in uncertain times. Factors outside of the employee and employers control may affect the outcome of career actions. But one thing is true the best career development move is to perform well in ones current position. Consistent, high quality performance along with thoughtful career planning will help ensure continued success on the job. People at your company who want to advance their careers are always looking for ways to sharpen and improve their skill sets. Your challenge becomes making sure youre investing in learning programs that will best help your employees address their skill gaps, prepare for future roles, and achieve individual goals-thereby contributing to the success of your company. With carrer planning and Development employers can establish a clear path for employees to achieving their goals. Steps to career planning Steps to Career Planning Step Action 1 Conduct self-assessment. 2 Explore careers that interest you. 3 Make decisions and set goals. 4 Create an action planner. 5 Manage your career. It is important to know your overall goal. Think about where you would like to be at the end of your career and set your plan to get there. The best way to ensure compatibility and balance in your life and career is to consider all aspects of your life from the beginning of your plan. Once you have a sense of what you are trying to accomplish overall, it is important for you to establish your current status. A personal inventory can reveal your: abilities interests and attitudes The inventory will define your: strengths and weaknesses Looking for a match between your strengths and the work you are doing or considering is the most important step before making any decisions. Assessing your personality and attitudes will help you determine the best way for you to move toward your goal: What are your current skills and achievements? What about knowledge and values? How will your learning style impact your pursuit? What are your interests? When you are clear on these things, you will be able to make better choices about the direction you want your career to take and do a better job of convincing prospective employers that you are the best choice!

Fighting for a Cause: Two strong-willed Women United :: Essays Papers

Fighting for a Cause: Two strong-willed Women United I never would have imagined that I would get the chance to meet a woman with as much courage, bravery, faith and strength as the mother, wife, daughter, believer, friend, martyr—Saint Perpetua, the great. However, I somehow found a way to get together with the woman whose â€Å"clothing was stripped off, and†¦became a man† (15), the amazing woman who sacrificed everything and transgressed the patriarchal standards of the Roman Culture. In order to understand this phenomenon, I am going to have to provide you with some essential background information. You see, I major in what is called, â€Å"Gender and Media in Contemporary Sport.† It happened about a year ago—on one special, bright and sunny day on the Hill I was creating a list of possible interviewees for my final project video. I had just finished reading about this Roman Saint, Perpetua of Carthage, which reminded me that I had to start thinking about a group of strong, selfless women that I could interview. Then, all of a sudden, it came to me! I thought, ‘Okay, so the lamenting woman wrote a story and she was dead—does this mean that there is any possibility I could somehow meet up with Perpetua and hear her story? Gosh, what a wonderful idea! Nice Job, Megan. Okay, so yes—how could I do this? Eureka, I have another idea! Since I, myself, am a woman of faith, maybe I can work out a deal with God tonight when I talk to Him. Perhaps I could see if there is any chance that I may be able to speak to the â€Å"prisoner, dreamer, martyr ,† Perpetua. So I did. That night I looked up to the Heavens and prayed, â€Å"God, quite some time ago there was this woman—a very strong-willed, faithful woman—a martyr who died for her faith. She died because she loved you. You would remember her—remember that woman whom you spoke to through visions about bronze ladders, puss-filled cancerous sores, and golden apples?! You must remember. Anyway, if there is any way I could somehow talk with her—if only for a few seconds—I would really appreciate it. I, too, am a believer and am interested in engaging a conversation with Perpetua about why she transgressed gender roles then and tell her how many changes have taken place since her great example.

Effect of Single Parenting to Children Essay

Traditionally, a family is viewed to be composed of a mother, father, and a child or children. Family is also considered as a sacred that should be bind by love. In a family, the mother is tasked to take care of the child and the family while and father is responsible for the financial matter. In addition, in the conservative point of view and even practiced in the early days, a woman who bears a child out of wedlock suffers societal humiliation. In some countries, such woman is also being punished or even executed because having a son outside a marriage was considered as a sin. However, in the present era, pre-marital sex, divorce, single parenthood is highly accepted in the society. Woman and man are now liberated. In the society, a family does not necessarily require two parents. But rather, it has been accepted that family can be composed of a mother or a father and a child. Due to various factors, single parenthood cannot be prevented. The rise of the percentage of man or woman entering into a stage of single parenthood was brought about by their adventurism and liberation (Magnier). According to research, there are two out of ten women who are single parent (Magnier). The number is also increasing due to various factors. Consequently, a single parent affects the development of the child. The overall development of a child would certainly be affected when reared by a single parent. As to financial matter, there is tendency that needs and wants of the child will not be provided by the single parent. Notably, one of the advantages of having a complete family is that the mother and father are partners in sustaining the financial needs of the family. In a single parent family, the economic deprivation would create stress and strain not only to the parent but also to the child (â€Å"Single Parent Families- The Effects on Children. †). As a result, the child would develop self-pity and have a tendency of being rebellious if his needs and wants are not given. More importantly, through problem in income, the single parent may not be able to provide proper education and healthcare to the child. The economic status of the single parent greatly affects the development of the child. According to research, a considerable percentage is composed of single parent. Since the single parent hardly provides a good life to the child, the tendency would be to live in an inferior and populated housing system (Bornstein 110). As a consequence, the child would be exposed to a deteriorated and dangerous neighborhood (Bornstein 110). Exposures to such kind of neighborhood would increase their tendency of engaging in illegal activities or commission of crimes. Additionally, both sociologist and psychologists believe that a child of a single parent experiences difficulties in his or her emotional and psychological adjustment (Bornstein 109). The child’s school performance and educational attainment is likewise affected (Bornstein 109). The child experiences difficulties because of his or her exposure to criticism, ridicule, and discrimination. It is noteworthy that as the child grows, he is exposed to a wider social environment. Among children, their mental capability of understanding the issue is not clear because they believe that a family is composed of a mother and a father. Single parenthood would create in their minds several questions that will eventually make them conclude that a child of a single parent is pitiful and disgraceful. These prove that single parent is more susceptible to societal predicaments. The societal problem will instill in child’s mind an unwanted emotional state. The child of a single parent has also the tendency of entering into marriage at an early age, pre-marital sex, drug abuse, gangs, and other societal problems. Moreover, the child would likely become more aggressive and rebellious as a result of the discriminations he or she may suffer (Magnier). In some children, they may develop inferiority as they find it hard to compete with others in many aspects. Although the aggressive or rebellious behavior of the child may not appear at an earlier stage, such may be developed as the child grows. Hence, it is necessary for the parent to guide the child’s development. As to educational aspect of the child, the absence of a father or a mother greatly affects the child’s performance. In school, there are activities that require the presence of the parents. But, in the case of a child having a single parent, cooperation in such activities would be impossible. Among the effects includes higher absentee rates at school, higher dropout rates, lower level of education, and engagement in delinquent activities such as drug addiction and alcohol abuse (â€Å"Single Parent Families- The Effects on Children. †). If these continue as the child grows, the child may end up to nothing and be involved in criminal activities. From the above stated, it is clear that single parenthood extensively contributes to the development of the child. The mental, emotional, physical, psychological, and social aspect of the child is impaired by the nature of the family he or she is exposed to. As the child grows, he or she is exposed to discrimination because of having a single parent. In addition, the child is deprived of the feeling of having a father or a mother. Significantly, a child demands a lot of things and becomes inquisitive as he or she grows. As a consequence, the single parent would deny or make excuses until the child stop asking. However, on the part of the child, a mental and emotional state would be developed. Furthermore, the child would become a society’s problem if not properly reared by the parent. Hence, in order to prevent the negative consequences of a single parenthood on the child, it is necessary that the parent should exert every effort in guiding the child as he or she grows. Works cited Bornstein, Marc H. Handbook of Parenting: Being and Becoming a Parent. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002. Magnier, Jenny. 14 March 2007. â€Å"The Effects of Single Parenting on Children. † Ezine Articles. 7 April 2009 < http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Effects-Of-Single-Parenting-On-Children&id=488617>. â€Å"Single Parent Families- The Effects on Children. † 2008. Marriage and Family Encyclopedia. 7 April 2009 .

20 Business English Dissertation Ideas to Rock in Entrepreneurship

20 Business English Dissertation Ideas to Rock in Entrepreneurship 20 Business English Dissertation Ideas to Rock in Entrepreneurship CÐ ¾mÃ'€lÐ µtÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f an MBA Ã'€rÐ ¾grÐ °m provides students with futurÐ µ bÐ µnÐ µfÃ'â€"tÃ'•. The graduates Ð ¾f MBA and PhD Ã'€rÐ ¾grÐ °mÃ'• whÐ ¾ had Ã' Ã ¾mÃ'€lÐ µtÐ µd MBA and PhD dÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'•Ð µrtÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• Ð °rÐ µ the Ã' rÐ µÃ °m Ð ¾f thÐ µ crop Ð °nd are lÃ'â€"kÐ µlÃ'Æ' tÐ ¾ Ð ¾Ã' Ã' uÃ'€Ã'Æ' tÐ ¾Ã'€ Ã'€Ð ¾Ã'•Ã'â€"tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•. WÐ µ are lÃ'â€"vÃ'â€"ng Ã'â€"n a highly competitive buÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• wÐ ¾rld. EmÃ'€lÐ ¾Ã'Æ'Ð µrÃ'• knÐ ¾w thÐ °t applying for a job is easier for those who have completed a hÃ'â€"ghÐ µr Ð µduÃ' Ã °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n and have Ð ¾btÐ °Ã'â€"ned impressive resumes as well as Ð µxÃ'€Ð µrÃ'â€"Ð µnÃ' Ã µ in research Ð °nd data analysis. UÃ'•uÐ °llÃ'Æ', thÐ µ MÐ °Ã'•tÐ µrÃ'• dissertation Ã'â€"Ã'• a lÐ ¾ngÐ µr piece of wrÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"ng thÐ °n one that Ã'â€"Ã'• requÃ'â€"rÐ µd for an undÐ µrgrÐ °duÐ °tÐ µ dissertation. It requires mÐ ¾rÐ µ extensive rÐ µÃ °dÃ'â€"ng and rÐ µÃ'•Ð µÃ °rÃ' h to gÃ'â€"vÐ µ a critical Ã'â€"ntÐ µrÃ'€rÐ µtÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f the Ã'•Ð ¾urÃ' Ã µÃ'•. ThÐ µ English dissertation ideas below Ð °rÐ µ Ã'•uÃ'â€"tÐ °blÐ µ bÐ ¾th fÐ ¾r Master and BÐ °Ã' hÐ µlÐ ¾r DÐ µgrÐ µÃ µ BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• dÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'•Ð µrtÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n tÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"Ã' Ã'•. Technology and Innovation WhÐ °t are the Main IÃ'•Ã'•uÐ µÃ'• of the RÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ BÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Growth Ð °nd PÐ µrfÐ ¾rmÐ °nÃ' Ã µ? Exploring the ImÃ'€lÐ µmÐ µntÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f CRM SÃ'Æ'Ã'•tÐ µmÃ'• wÃ'â€"thÃ'â€"n Call CÐ µntrÐ µÃ'• in thÐ µ UK and Relating thÐ µ FÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• ThÐ °t AffÐ µÃ' t the WÐ µll-BÐ µÃ'â€"ng Ð ¾f thÐ µ EmÃ'€lÐ ¾Ã'Æ'Ð µÃ µ WhÐ °t are the MÐ °Ã'â€"n Factors Inhibiting Successful Ð µCÐ ¾mmÐ µrÃ' Ã µ DÐ µÃ'€lÐ ¾Ã'Æ'mÐ µnt Ã'â€"n Government OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•? An ExÐ °mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð ¾f the EmÃ'€Ð ¾wÐ µrmÐ µnt, CÐ ¾nflÃ'â€"Ã' tÃ'• Ð °nd Corporate Vision As Factors Ã'â€"n DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng Global Business Strategies WhÐ °t iÃ'• BrÐ °ndÃ'â€"ng and HÐ ¾w Does It PrÐ ¾vÃ'â€"dÐ µ CÐ ¾mÃ'€Ð µtÃ'â€"tÃ'â€"vÐ µ Advantage? Leadership and Innovation WhÐ °t Are thÐ µ EffÐ µÃ' tÃ'• Ð ¾f LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ StÃ'Æ'lÐ µ Ð °nd Team PrÐ ¾Ã' Ã µÃ'•Ã'• on PÐ µrfÐ ¾rmÐ °nÃ' Ã µ Ð °nd Innovation in FunÃ' tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °llÃ'Æ' Heterogeneous TÐ µÃ °mÃ'•? An Exploratory StudÃ'Æ' Ð ¾f LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€, OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Culture Ð °nd InnÐ ¾vÐ °tÃ'â€"vÐ µnÐ µÃ'•Ã'• Ã'â€"n a Sample Ð ¾f NÐ ¾n-PrÐ ¾fÃ'â€"t Human Service OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'• HÐ ¾w BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• Leaders SÐ µÃ µ Their Role Ã'â€"n EnÐ °blÃ'â€"ng InnÐ ¾vÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾ns Ã'â€"n LÐ °rgÐ µ OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•? HÐ ¾w ExÐ °Ã' tlÃ'Æ' Do WÐ µ Put ThÐ ¾Ã'•Ð µ TwÐ ¾ TÐ ¾gÐ µthÐ µr? HÐ ¾w DÐ ¾Ã µÃ'• a Company LÐ µÃ °d Ã'â€"n a Way ThÐ °t Generates InnÐ ¾vÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n? What IÃ'• thÐ µ RÐ µlÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ between LÐ µÃ °dÐ µrÃ'•hÃ'â€"Ã'€ StÃ'Æ'lÐ µ Ð °nd thÐ µ DÐ µmÐ ¾grÐ °Ã'€hÃ'â€"Ã'  Characteristics Ð ¾f Taiwanese Executives? Management Ð ¾f International Change The MultÃ'â€"Ã' ulturÐ °l PrÐ ¾jÐ µÃ' t MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µr: Exploring LÃ'â€"nkÐ °gÐ µÃ'• bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn NÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l CulturÐ µ Ð °nd CÐ ¾nflÃ'â€"Ã' tÃ'â€"ng Styles Ð ¾f MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Managing Change: DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng a FrÐ °mÐ µwÐ ¾rk ThÐ °t LÃ'â€"nkÃ'• Intended StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• and Unanticipated OutÃ' Ã ¾mÐ µÃ'• Employee AdjuÃ'•tmÐ µnt durÃ'â€"ng the OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l Change: The Role of Organizational Level and OÃ' Ã' uÃ'€Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Success of a Product LÃ'â€"fÐ µÃ' Ã'Æ'Ã' lÐ µ Management ImÃ'€lÐ µmÐ µntÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n – Ð °n InvÐ µÃ'•tÃ'â€"gÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ã'â€"ntÐ ¾ thÐ µ ElÐ µÃ' trÐ ¾nÃ'â€"Ã' Ã'• Manufacturing Industry HÐ ¾w PÐ ¾wÐ µr WÐ ¾rkÃ'• thrÐ ¾ugh MÐ °nÐ °gÃ'â€"ng Emotions in OrgÐ °nÃ'â€"Ã'•Ð °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾nÐ °l ChÐ °ngÐ µ: EmÐ ¾tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Management As a PÐ ¾wÐ µr. GlÐ ¾bÐ °lÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n Ð °nd Strategy WhÐ °t iÃ'• the SÃ'â€"gnÃ'â€"fÃ'â€"Ã' Ã °nÃ' Ã µ Ð ¾f TÐ µÃ' hnÐ ¾lÐ ¾gÃ'Æ' tÐ ¾ BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'Æ'? A StudÃ'Æ' of thÐ µ Human RÐ µÃ'•Ð ¾urÃ' Ã µ StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• tÐ ¾ ImÃ'€lÐ µmÐ µnt Ã'â€"n Order to ExÃ' Ã µl Ð °nd PrÐ ¾fÃ'â€"t Ã'â€"n TÐ ¾dÐ °Ã'Æ'’Ã'• FÐ °Ã'•t-PÐ °Ã' Ã µd MÐ °rkÐ µtÃ'€lÐ °Ã' Ã µ, Ð °nd the Methods thÐ °t SuÃ'€Ã'€Ð ¾rt ThÐ µÃ'•Ð µ StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• WhÐ °t Current StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'â€"Ð µÃ'• ArÐ µ Ã'â€"n PlÐ °Ã' Ã µ fÐ ¾r Businesses tÐ ¾ Combat Consumers Neglecting ThÐ µÃ'â€"r PrÐ ¾duÃ' tÃ'•? An ExÐ °mÃ'â€"nÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n of thÐ µ Empowerment, CÐ ¾nflÃ'â€"Ã' tÃ'• Ð °nd CÐ ¾rÃ'€Ð ¾rÐ °tÐ µ VÃ'â€"Ã'•Ã'â€"Ð ¾n AÃ'• FÐ °Ã' tÐ ¾rÃ'• Ã'â€"n DÐ µvÐ µlÐ ¾Ã'€Ã'â€"ng GlÐ ¾bÐ °l BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• StrÐ °tÐ µgÃ'Æ' fÐ ¾r Multinational FÃ'â€"rmÃ'• WhÐ °t Are the Changes That NÐ µÃ µd to be MÐ °dÐ µ Ã'â€"n BuÃ'•Ã'â€"nÐ µÃ'•Ã'• MÐ °nÐ °gÐ µmÐ µnt Strategies Ã'â€"n thÐ µ GlÐ ¾bÐ °lÃ'â€"zÐ °tÃ'â€"Ð ¾n ErÐ °? Don’t fall apart if you have no idea what to write about. Use this list to inspire you. Of course, you may not use the particular topic as it is written here. Try to be as creative as possible and discover something original. Anyway, you can always contact our custom dissertation writing service and order your academic paper written from scratch!

How to Build a Baking Soda Volcano Science Fair Project

How to Build a Baking Soda Volcano Science Fair Project The baking soda and vinegar volcano is the kitchen equivalent of a volcano. Obviously, its not  the real  thing, but its cool all the same! The baking soda volcano is also non-toxic, which adds to its appeal. It is a classic science project which can help kids learn about chemical reactions and what happens when a volcano erupts. This project takes about 30 minutes to complete. Did You Know? The cool red lava is the result of a chemical reaction between the baking soda and vinegar.In this reaction, carbon dioxide gas is produced, which is also present in real volcanoes.As the carbon dioxide gas is produced, pressure builds up inside the plastic bottle, until the gas bubbles (thanks to the detergent) out of the volcano. Volcano Science Project Materials 6 cups flour2 cups salt4 tablespoons cooking oilwarm waterplastic soda bottledishwashing detergentfood coloringvinegarbaking dish or another pan2 T baking soda Make the Chemical Volcano First, make the cone of the baking soda volcano. Mix 6 cups flour, 2 cups salt, 4 tablespoons cooking oil, and 2 cups of water. The resulting mixture should be smooth and firm (more water may be added if needed).Stand the soda bottle in the baking pan and mold the dough around it into a volcano shape. Dont cover the hole or drop dough into it.Fill the bottle most of the way full with warm water and a bit of red food color (can be done before sculpting if you dont take so long that the water gets cold).Add 6 drops of detergent to the bottle contents. The detergent helps trap the bubbles produced by the reaction so you get better lava.Add 2 tablespoons baking soda to the liquid.Slowly pour vinegar into the bottle. Watch out - eruption time! Experiment with the Volcano While its fine for a young investigator to explore a simple model volcano, youll want to add the scientific method if you want to make the volcano a better science project. Here are ideas for ways to experiment with a baking soda volcano: Make a prediction about what happens if you change the amount of baking soda or vinegar. Record and analyze the effect, if any.Can you think of ways to change the volcano to make the eruption go higher or last longer? This might involve changing the chemicals or the shape of the volcano. It helps to record numerical data, such as the volume of liquid, the height of the lava, or duration of the eruption.Does it affect your volcano if you use a different kind of chemical to color the volcano? You could use tempera paint powder. Try using tonic water instead of regular water to get a volcano that glows under black light.What happens if you substitute other acids instead of vinegar or other bases instead of baking soda? Examples of acids include lemon juice or ketchup. Examples of bases include laundry detergent and household ammonia. Use caution if you substitute chemicals because some mixtures can be dangerous and produce hazardous gasses. Dont experiment with bleach or bathroom cleane rs. Adding a bit of food coloring will result in red-orange lava! Orange seems to work the best. Add some red, yellow, and even purple, for a bright display.

Talent Management in McDonalds Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Talent Management in McDonalds - Case Study Example They also do not come about as coincidences or by chance. Indeed, these successes happen as a result of series of coordinated efforts and through the implementation of carefully planned strategies and protocols. One of the aspects of the coordinated used by these organizations has to do with their talent management programs. From the account given by Goldsmith and Carter (2009), it can really be seen that McDonald’s has invested so much into talent management and that process deserves some key consideration. The present paper considers some of the key considerations. Talent Management Program that Led to Success for the Company Goldsmith and Carter (2009) outline the talent management program as used by McDonald’s in gaining market dominance in the food services industry. First, we are made to understand that the company undertook a keen alignment of the individual goals of its human resource to achieve larger goals of the organization. This alignment was necessary in e nsuring that the human resource talent that the company was recruiting was people whose individual concern for success was in line with those that had been set by the company. Inferably, acts of conflict of interest were minimized if not entirely reduced. It will be observed that companies such as McDonald’s and some of its other competitors have their own organizational goals, missions and visions (Barlow, 2006). Because of this, recruiting talents that possess entirely different ambitions from these ones could be suicidal for the companies because it would eventually be like two captains who are trying to control just one ship. Even more, the case presented by Goldsmith and Carter (2009) makes a very clear case of how McDonald’s as part of its talent management program made it a core aim to identify the career paths of highest performers. This component of the talent management essentially involved two key tasks and activities, which were first to discover highest pe rformers. In other words, the company distinguished between ordinary talent and special. This is a very important responsibility in talent management as it paves the way for human resource management policy such as the assignment of roles. Without knowing who is best in what area of operation, the phenomenon of putting round pegs in square holes may arise. The second component of this same management program was to closely and carefully link the career paths of these highest performers to suitable roles. For instance some who is best in pizzas will not be put in charge of pastries. In the long run therefore, there is the creation of a squarely balanced talent positioning. Furthermore, McDonald’s has been a company that has over the years fostered the development of future leaders and this has been a key aspect of the talent management program of the company. By fostering the development of future leaders, reference is being made to the fact that McDonald’s has always c oncentrated on the role that can be played by its human resource in not just the present circumstance but in the future as well. For this reason, the company has constantly directed its endowment programs towards equipping the knowledge and skill of human resource for future challenges (Bersin, 2010). A clear example of this is the creation of the Future Leaders Forum in the company whereby a group of young talents are given technologically advanced skills on the food services industries so that these talents would always be ahead of time in terms of management of the key technological components of the company. The result of this innovation is that the company has always had a competitive advantage in terms of the application of advanced technology in the conduct of business. Finally, the talent manage

Materiality in Auditing(Discuss these abstracts in the context of Essay

Materiality in Auditing(Discuss these abstracts in the context of academic research and recent developments in audit regulation and practice) - Essay Example 1647). These definitions point to its relevance today especially in the recent drive for transparency, ethics and responsibility in the auditing process, which will be explored, among other things, in relation to materiality in auditing. Audit pertains to a review of financial data by an independent third-party auditor. The outcome of the process involves his or her financial statements, including his or her opinion regarding the legitimacy of the data reviewed. Materiality becomes relevant in auditing when risk emerges. This risk usually stems from errors or omissions in financial reporting. The impact is based on the degree by which it affects the decision making of those who use the information from the financial statements. For instance, a small error or omission in a periodic procedure could lead to a cumulative risk that could greatly influence the financial information since there is the possibility that it occurs on periodic basis. The importance of materiality can be demonstrated in the process by which it is conducted (see Fig. 1). Ideally, all audit procedures should undergo materiality considerations from the very first stage. According to Bragg (2011), as early as the identification of the nature, timing and extent of the audit procedure, materiality should already be determined. Specifically, it should be undertaken in: 1) the design of audit procedures for mechanisms to detect misstatements; the pursuit of the elimination of audit risk; and, the assessment of the risk of material misstatement as the basis for the audit procedures (Bragg, pp.25). These variables underscore how materiality forms part of the foundation of sound audit procedures, one that is capable of addressing errors and risks. The defined object of audit underscores this as auditors are expected â€Å"to carry out procedures designed to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence†¦ [in order]